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Trust Basics
 
What Is a Trust?

Trust Legal Vocabulary


Don't let the fancy language confuse you! Here are a few legal terms commonly used in trusts:
  • Revocable - can be changed or terminated
  • Irrevocable - cannot be changed or terminated
  • Settlor - the person who created the trust, sometimes called the Trustor 
  • Trustee - the person managing the property in the trust 
  • Beneficiary - the person on whose behalf the property is held in trust

Often, the same person will be settlor, trustee and beneficiary simultaneously. There can be more than one trustee or more than one beneficiary. 


A trust is a legal document that "entrusts" property to a person or institution to be held and managed on behalf of another.
 
Click here for more on the duties of a trustee.
 
Almost any type of property can be held in trust, including real property (such as a home or land), investments (such as stocks), personal possessions, vehicles, or money in a bank account.

Do You Need a Revocable Trust?
 
Many people use revocable trusts (otherwise known as living trusts) to avoid probate. Revocable trusts can also be used as an incapacity planning tool for handling financial matters.
 
Trusts are not for everyone. They can be expensive to set up. You must be sure to put all of your property into the name of the trust. This is a very common mistake that can undermine the effectiveness of the trust as a probate avoidance tool.
 

Pros & Cons of Living Trusts


When deciding whether to do a living trust, keep the following pros and cons of living trusts in mind.
 
Pros:
  • Avoids probate
  • Can be used to manage property and finances in case of incapacity
  • Keeps financial information private
  • Harder for someone to challenge 

Cons:

  • Is more expensive than a will
  • All property must be transfered into the trust
  • Does not reduce taxes
  • Does not help with Medicaid qualification
  • You still need a will
  • Creditors may claim against trust property for a longer period of time than if estate were probated
  • No court oversight
On the other hand, establishing a trust can give the settlor a lot of control. The settlor can specify how trust funds and property are to be handled during his or her lifetime and even after death.
 
Trusts can be used to protect a vulnerable person from fraud or unscrupulous lenders by limiting the person’s ability to access or borrow against trust assets.
 
Unlike a will that must be probated, distributing property from a trust can be handled privately without going to court.
 
What a Revocable Trust Does Not Do
 
There are some common misunderstandings about what a revocable trust can be used to accomplish. Revocable trusts cannot be used to qualify for Medicaid. Creditors can still collect from money or property held in a revocable trust. Revocable trusts do not affect whether or not your estate will owe taxes.